Coronary angioplasty, commonly called as angioplasty, is a non-surgical procedure used to widen narrowed or open blocked arteries of the heart in coronary artery disease (CAD).
The heart muscle receives oxygen-rich blood through the coronary arteries. Over time, the inner lining of these arteries becomes thick and rigid and may get blocked by cholesterol plaques. These plaques are mainly made up of calcium and cholesterol, along with other substances that float in the blood.
The plaques narrow the inside of the arteries and block them either partially or completely. This condition is called as coronary artery disease (CAD). If the heart muscle does not receive enough blood supply, these blockages can cause a heart attack or myocardial infarction.
The commonest symptom of a heart attack is Angina or chest pain. The patient may complain of one or more of the following sensation in the chest area:
The pain might radiate into the left lower jaw, left upper back or left arm. Angina is often mistaken for heartburn and indigestion. Experiencing chest pain that lasts longer than a few minutes, and typically reduces on taking rest is a sign of impending heart attack and thus, a medical emergency.
Rush the patient with the chest pain to the closest hospital or a certified healthcare provider. An angiography is performed to identify the blockages in the heart’s arteries. If blockages are detected, then either an angioplasty or a cardiac bypass is suggested by the physician.
An angioplasty is a short procedure, lasting about 30-90 minutes.
Nowadays, various types of stents are available. The stent may be a plain metal stent or one that is coated with a drug to keep the blood vessel patent.
Recovery after the procedure is quick. You will be shifted to the recovery room and usually discharged after a night’s stay for observation in the hospital. Avoid driving and exercise for a few days, and consult your doctor about what activities you are allowed to do.
You will have to take Aspirin and other anti-platelet drugs for about a year, followed by aspirin daily to prevent a stroke or heart attack. Your doctor will explain these to you during discharge from the hospital.
This is a multidisciplinary program where doctors, physiotherapists, nurses, psychologists, and nutritionists work with you, in order to help you stay fit after the procedure. It includes lifestyle changes, counseling, diet monitoring, and a tailor made exercise program, which includes low impact aerobics, swimming, cycling on a stationary bike, and walking. It is adjusted according to your needs. This will prevent formation of new blockages and worsening of any minor existing ones.
A heart attack does not always mean the end of life. With the right treatment and a change in lifestyle, diet, and exercise, it could be the beginning of a new, healthier chapter in your life.